A packed bed scrubber is an air pollution control device that removes contaminants from industrial exhaust gases using a packed bed of material, typically made of ceramic or plastic. Essential components include the packing material (providing surface area for gas-liquid contact), liquid distribution system (ensuring even flow), and blower (for gas movement). Advanced design utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for optimization. Types include countercurrent and cocurrent flow models, often coated with anti-corrosive materials. Used in industries like chemical processing, mining, and pharmaceuticals, packed bed scrubbers improve air quality, reduce emissions, and enhance regulatory compliance, contributing to environmental sustainability.